Matthew Pierce, a western researcher of Shiism, in the book Twelve Infallible Men discusses the role of five Shiite canonizer and their books in giving identity to Shiism.  These books include Ethbat al-Wasiyah by Masudi, Dalael al-Imamah by Tabari, Al-Ershad by Sheikh Mofid, Elam al-Wara by Tabarsi, and Managheb Al Abi Taleb by Ibn Shahr Ashub. In his book, Pierce mentions the main and effective role of these canonizers in giving identity to the Shia society, the sanctity and infallibility of the imams, the creation of the sacred history of Shia, the practical demarcation of Shia beliefs from non-Shia, and the formation of the oral and sacred history of Shia through the stories and anecdotes of the above-mentioned authors. The theme of Matthew Pierce's work is the history of thought, which tries to attribute the origin of Shiite thought to Shiite saints by using the historical method. The presentation of this point of view is rooted in the principles that the author has chosen for himself and based on which he makes those statements. The present research aims to examine and criticize the author's principles and methods based on the religious foundations of Muslims, using historical, traditional, and religious methods and principles.

The most skeptical approach towards the authenticity of Islamic original textss, was represented in the late 1970s by John Wansbrough. By insisting that Isnad of hadiths and bibliographical information are not reliable, Wansbrough suggested literary analysis instead of dating of all early Islamic texts including the Quran. By employing literary analysis to early Islamic texts of exegesis, hadith, sira and even the Quran, he came to this conclusion that none of them are earlier than the end of the second or beginning of the third century. In this article Wansbrough's viewpoint concerning the canonization of the Quran has been critically examined.

Subject recognition and execution status are very important in the jurisprudence orders. There are some subjects that the lawyer determines their limits, but there are also some subjects that persons themselves should recognize their limits.On the other hand, learning the subject of orders nature are not against the interests of other people and do not cause much problem in execution. while the orders that are related to the society and the people have caused controversial discussion.This article is intended to prove that most of these orders must be executed in general and people representative is dominant in this regard.

New techniques of storytelling are applied in the novel “Ma Tabaqqa Lakom” written by Ghassan Kanafani, contemporary Palestinian poet and novelist. It is one of the first modern novels of Arabic fiction which has played a considerable role in the innovation and flourish of Arabic fiction. Since the technique of stream of consciousness is used in this novel; and as a result of interruption of time in this kind of fiction, the story is narrated in different scenes, by various narrators, and from several points of view; it is expected that the dominant traditional form of point of view and narrator, in contrast with classical fiction, be in a constant fluctuation in this novel.Therefore, this study attempts to examine narrator and the degree of canonization, among elements of fiction, according to the views of some of structuralist critics such as Gerard Genette and Todorov. In this paper, stream of consciousness and narrator, different kinds of narrator and point of view are explained briefly. Then, it uses these elements in order to challenge the novel.

Most sacred texts were initially oral and were gradually written down over time. After the writing of these sacred texts, it is essential to examine the time frame in which they were compiled and finalized, and whether this process has affected their credibility? Another question is how many versions exist for these texts and whether there are discrepancies among them? This study, employing a descriptive-analytical method, concludes that the Qur'an was written down simultaneously with its revelation, whereas there was a gap between the revelation, writing, and final compilation of the Testaments. The time from writing to the compilation of the Qur'an was less than two years, while the distance from the writing to the Canonization of the Testaments took more than a thousand years. The Qur'an has a continuous and widely accepted chain of transmission, while the Testaments have a broken chain. The Qur'an exists in a single version, while the Testaments have multiple versions. Given the differences among the versions, the Testaments contain apocryphal texts, while the Qur'an, due to the lack of multiple versions, does not. The compilation of the Qur'an did not undermine its credibility, but the Canonization of the Testaments could not maintain their credibility.

In recent years the term “Shiite Crescent” was first applied by king Abdullah II king of Jordan through which he put forth the threat of Shiites’ empowerment. In their opinion, Islamic Republic of Iran is capable of controlling geopolitical developments in the middleeast via its influence on Iraqi Shiites and change the power balance to Shiites’ interests and against American and Israeli interests. This article is aimed at addressing these questions: 1-What denomination do they mean by Shiite? 2-What is the role of “Shiite Crescent” in geopolitical developments in the middle-east? 3-Is “Shiite Crescent” a geographical crescent or a political one? 4- Is “Shiite Crescent” aimed at Iran-o-phobia? 5-What are strategic concerns of US about the element of Shiite Islam in the middle-east? 6- Has “Shiite Crescent” been formed.

Shiite Murji’ah is a movement in the second century of Kufah. Having distinguished themselves from official Shiites after the rise of some political-social events in Kufah and basically as a way of solving the troubles before Shiite community, they adopted an idea concerning Imamat-which is the most central foundation of Shiite thought-which was a kind of retreatment from this foundation. Those who adopted this idea were deciples of Imam Baqir (a.s.) and Imam Sadeq (a.s.), but were rejected by Shiite community because of this idea and they indeed tended to a movement which years later supported Zaid ibn Ali; a sect which is usually called “Butriah” or “Batariah”. Though Shiite Murji’aj was present before the movement of Zaid, but years after him, they prepared the best theoretical background for the acceptance of the Imamat of the less competent. This paper tries to present a historical reading of this movement and introduce the main lines of their thoughts and seeks to examine the backgrounds of the rise of some theories of Imamat, and this way it tries to prepare the ground for understanding some Shiite hadiths.

One of the most challenging debates among historians and biographers is "the area of the Prophet's authority in canonization of divine decree", which one of its issues "delegating the religion's orders to prophet theory" is being challenged among Shia and Sunni Ulemas, has been argued in this article, with the emphasis on Sunni ulemas' opinions. From this point of view, giving over the authority means: turning over and entrusting all your works, authority, credit, and position to a person who has sufficient knowledge, ability and prudence and there is no doubt about him.The basic question is: in the area of canonization of divine decree, especially in the fields which there is no specific text, have the religion and religious law been consigned to the prophet, or not.In order to examine the above question, viewpoints of Sunni ulemas and scholars have been investigated and we have briefly comprehended that despite of differences and disagreements, such as conditioned and constrained delegations, the absolute majority of Sunni scholars accept them. However, it seems that by providing some conditions, this theory can stabilize its position in canonization of divine decree and the area of prophet's authorities in canonization of divine decree. It is noteworthy that Shia scholars have officially recognized the position of this theory and its specific conditions.

Shahīd-i ‘Awwal is one of the great jurists of 14th century AD. His works are still part of the Islamic seminaries’ curriculum. One of his most famous book is Ghāyat al-Murād, which includes several topics on Islamic law. One of these topics is the problem of the daily prayers which have not been done at they proper time and ought to be done again. The solution of that problem needs some knowledge of mathematics, especially combinatorics.It is necessary prayers exactly in the same sequence as the original prayers.Shahīd-i ‘Awwal has solved the problem by inventing a mathematical method, the function that is called today Factorial. Other great jurist, Shahīd-i Thānī, also has solved the problem, but not exactly in the same way. He wrote a commentary on Shahīd-i ‘Awwal’s Lom’a. There is no doubt that the concept of this function is well understood.